General Interview Questions on Software Testing (Part 2)

1. What is Unit Testing?
   Unit testing is the testing of individual components(units) of the Software. Unit testing is the most 'micro' scale of testing; to test particular functions or code modules. Typically done by the programmer and not by testers, as it requires detailed knowledge of the internal program design, logic and code. Not always easily done unless the application has a well-designed architecture with tight code; may require developing test driver modules or test harnesses. The test is based on coverage of code statements, paths, branches and conditions.


2. What is Integration Testing?
   It is the testing of combined parts of an application to determine if they function together correctly. The 'parts' can be code modules, individual applications, client and server applications on a network, etc. This type of testing is especially relevant to client/server and distributed systems.


3. Describe System Testing.
   The System testing is to test the System on its overall performance with the Requirements. It is a block-box type testing , which involves in checking the System for Functional requirements, Response time/Performance , Security, Load/Stress/Volume, Usability, Interoperability, etc., (Depends on Technology like eCom, Web, Client / Server, Embedded). Software once validated for meeting the functional requirements must be verified for proper interface with other system elements like hardware, database and people. It verifies that all these system elements mesh properly and the software achieves overall function/performance.
   
4. What is acceptance testing?
   Formal testing conducted to determine whether or not a system satisfies its acceptance criteria and to enable the customer to determine whether or not to accept the system. The goals of these tests are to verify actual data acceptance, processing, and retrieval, and the appropriate implementation of the business rules.


5. What is regression testing?
   Re-testing the application after bug fixes or modifications of the software or its environment.


6. How testing is different from debugging?
   Testing is more to do with establishing that defects exist in a software component or a system, Where as debugging is the action of isolating where the defect is. Thus testing and debugging are complementary activities.

General Interview Question on Software Testing

1. What is the 'software life cycle'?

   The life cycle begins when an application is first conceived and ends when it is no longer in use. It includes aspects such as initial concept, requirements analysis, functional design, internal design, documentation planning, test planning, coding, document preparation, integration, testing, maintenance, updates, retesting, phase-out, and other aspects.

2. What is software testing? What are the stages of testing available in SDLC? (Software Development Life Cycle).
   Testing involves operation of a system or application under controlled conditions and evaluating the results. Testing is to find out the Defects. The stages of testing are unit, integration, system and User acceptance testing.


3. What are the different types of testing you know?
   Black box testing / functional testing, White box testing, load testing, stress testing, volume testing, Sanity testing, performance testing, compatibility testing, security testing, database testing, installation testing, recovery testing, and component testing.


4. What is the difference between black box testing and white box testing?
   In black box testing, the test is based on requirements and functionality. The test is based on inputs, the required action and the output response without considering how the application works. In white box testing, the test is based on internal logic /design of the application code. The test is based on coverage of code statements, paths, branches and conditions.


5. What is verification and validation?, and IV & V?
   Verification refers to the set of activities that ensure that software correctly implements a specific function. It typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements, and specifications. This can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs, and inspection meetings.IV & V is independent validation and verification. Validation is achieved through a series of black-box tests that demonstrate conformity with requirements.